Blowin In The Wind Scene | A COMPLETE UNKNOWN.

The Testimony Of Patience Kershaw.

If you have read my blog page for a while you probably know that I am a big fan of The Unthanks. Recently I saw their 2009 album Here’s The Tender Coming in the auction on eBay. I put in a bid of £3.99 and it was mine, a bargain! Mojo magazine named it as Folk album of the year in 2009, and I agree that it is a wonderful recording. I was already familiar with many of the songs, but it was still great to add it to my collection. Most of the songs are traditional plus a few cover versions of other artists songs such as Living By The Water written by Anne Briggs and Annachie Gordon which I knew from Nic Jones. The title track is also one of my favourite songs of theirs. The ‘Tender Coming’ refers to a boat which press gangs used to force people into serving in the navy. I don’t want to write a review of the whole album today, but just talk about one song which intrigued me as soon as I saw the title. It is The Testimony Of Patience Kershaw. 

My curiosity immediately wanted to know who Patience Kershaw was. You can find a video of the song below which I hope you will listen to carefully as I did. From the lyrics I deduced that Patience worked underground in a coal mine as a ‘hurrier’ which involved pushing corves loaded with coal along the dark narrow tunnels. (A corve is a type of minecart). In a twelve hour shift she would cover twenty miles.  As well as using her arms and legs to push the corves she also used her head, which resulted in her hair being worn away. The song was written by Frank Higgins based on a statement Patience aged 17 gave when she was called upon to provide testimony to the Ashley’s Mines Commission of 1842. This commission came about after an accident at Huskar Colliery in Silkstone, near Barnsley. A stream overflowed into the ventilation drift after violent thunderstorms causing the death of 26 children; 11 girls aged from 8 to 16 and 15 boys between 9 and 12 years of age. What Patience told the inquiry is quite shocking. This is what she said.

‘My father has been dead about a year; my mother is living and has ten children, five lads and five lasses; the oldest is about thirty, the youngest is four; three lasses go to mill; all the lads are colliers, two getters and three hurriers; one lives at home and does nothing; mother does nought but look after home. All my sisters have been hurriers, but three went to the mill. Alice went because her legs swelled from hurrying in cold water when she was hot. I never went to day-school; I go to Sunday-school, but I cannot read or write; I go to pit at five o'clock in the morning and come out at five in the evening; I get my breakfast of porridge and milk first; I take my dinner with me, a cake, and eat it as I go; I do not stop or rest any time for the purpose; I get nothing else until I get home, and then have potatoes and meat, not every day meat. I hurry in the clothes I have now got on, trousers and ragged jacket; the bald place upon my head is made by thrusting the corves; my legs have never swelled, but sisters' did when they went to mill; I hurry the corves a mile and more underground and back; they weigh 300 cwt.; I hurry 11 a-day; I wear a belt and chain at the workings, to get the corves out; the getters that I work for are naked except their caps; they pull off all their clothes; I see them at work when I go up; sometimes they beat me, if I am not quick enough, with their hands; they strike me upon my back; the boys take liberties with me sometimes they pull me about; I am the only girl in the pit; there are about 20 boys and 15 men; all the men are naked; I would rather work in mill than in coal-pit’.

This evidence shows the terrible squalid conditions working people had to endure during the Victorian period when the British empire was at its height and the aristocracy, landed gentry, and factory owners enjoyed fabulous wealth beyond the wildest dreams of most of the population. In their report the commissioners said of Patience, ‘This girl is an ignorant, filthy, ragged, and deplorable-looking object, and such a one as the uncivilized natives of the prairies would be shocked to look upon’. What a scathing indictment that is of Victorian society. I don’t think slaves toiling in cottonfields would have had worse working conditions. The commission’s report based on the evidence that Patience and many others gave resulted in The Mines and Collieries Act 1842. The Act forbade women and girls of any age to work underground and introduced a minimum age of ten for boys employed in underground work. However, it was only with the growth of Trade Unions and the formation of the Labour Party that things finally really improved for most people in Britain. 

I’m not the first person to be curious about Patience because by looking on Wiki-data and elsewhere I found that other people had been researching her history. Poor Patience spent her last years in a Workhouse and what the Victorians called Lunatic Asylums. Patience passed away in 1865, age 42. She was buried in St Peter churchyard, Stanley, near Wakefield Yorkshire. I have got friends who live in Stanley, but I don’t think it would be worth searching for her grave on my next visit to Yorkshire because the likes of Patience Kershaw would not have been afforded the luxury of a headstone. Her small contribution to improving the lives of poor people in Britain shouldn’t be forgotten though. This song will be her epitaph. Thank you Frank Higgins and The Unthanks for turning her testimony into song so that Patience Kershaw will never be forgotten.

The Unthanks perform The Testimony of Patience Kershaw

Somerset Maughan & Ramana Maharshi

Today I thought I would tell you about a book which arrived here recently. It is called Points of View, a collection of five essays by W. Somerset Maughan. A first edition published by Heineman in 1958. The reason I ordered it was because I was particularly keen to read one of the essays which is called The Saint. It didn’t take me long to read the essay because it is only 39 pages long. In 1938 during a trip to India Somerset Maughan had a meeting with the Hindu sage Ramana Maharshi. The essay is an account of that meeting, together with a biographical portrayal of Ramana Maharshi’s life and teachings. In one of Maughan’s novels The Razor’s Edge in 1944 he had used a fictionalised version of Ramana as one of the books characters. I first became curious to learn about Ramana Maharshi because Eckhart Tolle has often mentioned him in glowing terms in his talks. 

This led me to reading a 22-page pamphlet called Who Am I? which was first published in 1923 and consisted of 28 questions put to Ramana by Sri Pillau. Then I read a 1985 paperback Be As You Are, The Teachings Of Sri Ramana Maharshi. This book which I recommend is edited by David Godman who has followed Ramana’s teachings since 1976 and became the librarian at his ashram.  I wanted to find out about Maughan’s meeting. It was in Madras that Maughan’s hosts told him that he should visit Ramana who was the most revered swami in India. It was a hot dusty drive of several hours to reach Ramana’s hermitage at Tiruvannamalai at the foot of the holy mountain of Arunachala. On arrival Maughan promptly fainted. He was carried unconscious to a hut and laid down on a pallet bed. When he regained his senses, he found Ramana sitting on the floor by his bed. He barely said a word except, “Silence is also conversation”, and remained sitting in silence for half an hour before finally leaving. Maughan immediately felt recovered. He was well enough to visit the hall where Ramana sat in silence on a dais and welcomed visitors.

I’ll just give you a quick little history of Ramana and his teachings which Maughan covers in the second part of his essay. He was born in Tiruchuli, Tamil Nadu, India in 1879. In 1895, an attraction to the sacred hill Arunachala was aroused in him and in 1896, at the age of 16, he had a "death-experience" or sudden liberation where he became aware of a "current" or "force" which he recognized as his true "I" or "self" that is Iswara.  Six weeks later he left his uncle's home after discovering that Arunachala was a real place and journeyed by train to the holy mountain where he remained for the rest of his life. For several weeks he stayed in the vaults of a temple, so deep in meditation he was unaware of being eaten alive by vermin and insects, and local children throwing stones at him. He was finally rescued by a local sage Seshadri Swamigal who cleaned him up and fed him. He moved to another temple called Gurumurtan where a sadhu called Palaniswami became his first attendant and provided food and cooked for him. His family who had been searching finally tracked him down, but he refused to return home even when his mother begged him to. Eventually his brother and mother became followers and moved to live near him at Virupakasha Cave where he stayed for 17 years. 

Arunachala

In later years, an ashram grew up around him, where visitors received spiritual instruction by sitting silently in his company or by asking questions. Ramana Maharshi recommended self-enquiry as the principal means to remove ignorance and abide in self-awareness. In 1902, a government official named Sivaprakasam Pillai, with writing slate in hand, visited the Ramana in the hope of obtaining answers to questions about "How to know one's true identity". The questions he asked formed Ramana Maharshi's first teachings on Self-enquiry, the method for which he became widely known, and were eventually published as Nan Yar?, or in English, Who am I?. (That’s the pamphlet I first read)

His mother died in 1922, so from 1922 until his death in 1950, Ramana Maharshi lived in Sri Ramanasramam, the ashram that developed around his mother's tomb. The ashram grew to include a library, hospital, post-office and many other facilities. Ramana Maharshi displayed a natural talent for planning building projects. The popular image of him as a person who spent most of his time doing nothing except sitting silently in samadhi is highly inaccurate. From the period when an Ashram began to rise around him after his mother arrived, until his later years when his health failed, Ramana Maharshi was actually quite active in Ashram activities such as cooking and stitching leaf plates.  

Ramana Maharshi then became well known in and out of India after 1934 when Paul Brunton, having first visited Ramana Maharshi in January 1931, published the book A Search in Secret India. Brunton calls Ramana Maharshi "one of the last of India's spiritual supermen” and describes his affection toward Ramana Maharshi: “I like him greatly because he is so simple and modest, when an atmosphere of authentic greatness lies so palpably around him; he is so totally without any traces of pretension that he strongly resists every effort to canonize him during his lifetime”. While staying at Sri Ramanasramam, Paul Brunton had an experience of a "sublimely all-embracing" awareness, a "Moment of Illumination". The book was a best-seller and introduced Ramana Maharshi to a wider audience in the west. 

In November 1948, a tiny cancerous lump was found on Ramana's arm and was removed in February 1949 by the ashram's doctor. Soon, another growth appeared, and another operation was performed by an eminent surgeon in March 1949 with radium applied. The doctor told Ramana that a complete amputation of the arm to the shoulder was required to save his life, but he refused. To devotees who begged him to cure himself for the sake of his followers, Ramana is said to have replied, "Why are you so attached to this body? Let it go", and "Where can I go? I am here." By April 1950, he was too weak to go to the hall and visiting hours were limited. Visitors would file past the small room where he spent his last days to get one final glimpse. He died on 14 April 1950 at 8:47 p.m. aged 71. At the same time a meteor was seen which disappeared beyond Arunachala which his devotees saw as the passing of a great soul.. Although he passed away in 1950 I think that with the spread in popularity of  such things as non-duality, mindfulness and meditation in the modern world the teachings of Ramana Maharshi are more relevant than ever. So, thank you very much Eckhart Tolle for first introducing me to Ramana Maharshi. 

PS, Please watch David Godman's video interview below. He explains Ramana's teachings much better than I ever could do.

Who am I? The Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi

A January Walk.

The news has been full of reports about the weather today. In some areas heavy snow, and flooding in other places. We have had a lot of wind and rain where I live, but not too bad. Finally, today on January 6^th I got out for a walk around Fairwood Lakes. I enjoyed it after being inside for days on end. It was wonderful to feel the wind on my face and breathe some fresh air.

“Go outside. Don’t tell anyone and don’t bring your phone. Start walking and keep walking until you no longer know the road like the palm of your hand … Just walk, see, sit down if you like. And be. Just be whatever you are with whatever you have, and realize that that is enough to be happy. There’s a whole world out there, right outside your window. You’d be a fool to miss it.” – Charlotte Eriksson

A Case Of Lone Star.

It is a rainy dark Sunday evening. I haven’t ventured out much recently because I’ve been recovering from a nasty virus. So, I haven’t got a lot to tell you about. When there wasn’t anything worth watching on the telly, I passed the time reading. A few days ago, because I felt quite ill I didn’t want to read anything too taxing for my brain so I picked up this book called The Kinky Friedman Crime Club by Kinky Friedman. I had bought the book for £1 in a charity shop in Warminster several months ago and had forgotten about it. The reason I bought it was because it was signed ‘For Shirley, All Best Wishes, The Kinkster 6.22.92’ (See picture) I didn’t know anything about this writer, but something in the back of my mind thought there was a vague connection with Bob Dylan. I thought it might be worth a few quid, and when I looked on eBay was pleased to see that signed copies were on sale for £25. The book is a collection of three of his previous novels in one UK edition published by Faber & Faber in 1992. 

Before I started reading it, I looked up Kinky Friedman on Wikipedia to learn more about him. It told me that Richard Samet "Kinky" Friedman (November 1, 1944 – June 27, 2024) was an American singer, songwriter, novelist, humourist, politician, and columnist for Texas Monthly, who styled himself in the mold of popular American satirists Will Rogers and Mark Twain. Friedman was one of two independent candidates in the 2006 Texas gubernatorial election. Receiving 12.6% of the vote, Friedman placed fourth in the six-person race. In early 1976, he joined Bob Dylan on the second leg of the Rolling Thunder Revue tour. In 1973, Friedman had formed his second band, Kinky Friedman and The Texas Jewboys, which many took to be a play on the name of the famous band Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys. When I looked on youtube I was pleased to find a video of Kinky and Dylan playing together although I didn’t think the song was all that great. (See video below) Wiki also said that after his music career stalled in the 1980s Kinky shifted his creative focus to writing detective novels. His books have similarities to his song lyrics, featuring a fictionalized version of himself solving crimes in New York City and dispensing jokes, wisdom, recipes, charm, and Jameson's whiskey in equal measure. They are written in a straightforward style which owes a debt to Raymond Chandler. 

The Kinky character views himself as a latter-day Sherlock Holmes and he is aided in his investigations by his close friend Larry Sloman aka Ratso who assumes the role of Dr. Watson. The first book in the collection is called A Case Of Lone Star. It involves a series of killings in a New York Country Music club. The killer leaves clues to taunt the investigators by sending them lyrics from Hank Williams songs. I quite enjoyed it and it held my attention to the end because I was as keen as Kinky to find out who the killer was. Kinky certainly isn’t in the same class as Chandler or Dashiell Hammett in the genre of hard-boiled fiction, but he was quite amusing. There are two more stories in the collection which I haven’t read yet, and I don’t know if I ever will either, but you never know.

Kinky was quite a character. In 2004, he began an ostensibly serious, though colourful, campaign to become the Governor of Texas in 2006. One of his stated goals was the "dewussification" of Texas. Among his campaign slogans were "How Hard Could It Be?", "Why The Hell Not?", "My Governor is a Jewish Cowboy", and "He ain't Kinky, he's my Governor", a play on "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother". His heart was in the right place though because he founded Utopia Animal Rescue Ranch located near Kerrville, Texas whose mission is to care for stray, abused and aging animals; to date, the ranch has saved more than 1,000 dogs from animal euthanasia. On June 27, 2024, it was announced that Friedman had died at his home at Echo Hill Ranch, Medina, Bandera County, Texas, from complications of Parkinson's disease. He was 79.

Kinky & Bob.